Casa de Oswaldo Cruz

Destaques da Biblioteca de História das Ciências e da Saúde

 

SILVA, Maria Celina Soares de Mello e; SANTOS, Paulo Roberto Elian dos. Arquivos pessoais: história, preservação e memória da ciência. Rio de Janeiro: Associação dos Arquivistas Brasileiros, 2012.

 

 

 

 

Os arquivos pessoais constituem-se em um universo de possibilidades de exploração, por parte de arquivistas, historiadores e cientistas sociais. Crescem a cada dia no país as iniciativas destinadas a promover a preservação dos arquivos pessoais como fonte de pesquisa. Os textos aqui apresentados são de profissionais que possuem experiência na organização de arquivos pessoais, bem como também são frutos de pesquisas acadêmicas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento dos aspectos teóricos e metodológicos da arquivologia. Todos abordam acervos provenientes de familiares e produtores que decidiram doar seus acervos a instituições de reconhecida notoriedade na preservação e na difusão do patrimônio documental da ciência. A reunião desses textos contribuirá para a ampliação do debate sobre esse tema ainda pouco explorado na literatura

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

COHEN, Robert S.; SCHNELLE, Thomas. Cognition and fact: materials on Ludwik Fleck. Boston: D.Reidel, 1985.

 

 

 

  

 

Within the last ten years, the interest of historians and philosophers of science in the epistemological writings of the Polish medical microbiologist Ludwik Fleck (1896—1961), who had up to then been almost completely unknown, has advanced with great strides. His main writings on epistemological questions were published in the mid-1930’s, but they remained almost unnoticed. Today, however, one may rightly call Fleck a ‘classical’ figure both of epistemology and of the historical sociology of science, one whose works are comparable with Popper’s Logic of Scientific Discovery or Merton’s pioneering study of the relations among economics, Puritanism, and natural science, both also originally published in the mid-1930’s. The story of this book of ‘materials on Ludwik Fleck’ is also the story of the reception of Ludwik Fleck. In this volume, some essential materials which have been produced by that reception have been gathered together. We will sketch both the reception and the materials.

 

 

 

 

 
 

 
 

AGUIRRE, Carlos. Dénle duro que no siente: poder y transgressión en el Peru Republicano. Peru: AFINED, 2008.

 

 

  

 

 

Los ensayos reunidos en este libro inciden en la necesidad de someter a escrutinio una serie de prácticas sociales —la servidumbre doméstica, el maltrato infantil, el desprecio por quienes han caído en las redes de la justicia estatal, el racismo y las formas cotidianas de autoritarismo— que continúan actuando como un pesado lastre sobre la sociedad peruana. Como nos recordara Nelson Mandela hace algunos años —retomando una vieja idea de Tocqueville— averiguar como trata una sociedad a quienes transgreden sus normas ofrece un punto de vista valioso para entender mejor sus mecanismos de funcionamiento. Este libro, por tanto, es un intento por mirar la sociedad “desde el otro lado” desde el punto de vista de quienes han violado ciertas normas y han cometido acciones con frecuencia censurables, pero que también han sido víctimas de estructuras sociales injustas, incluyendo el aparato ineficiente y corrupto de la justicia estatal, ciertas prácticas cotidianas discriminatorias al interior de familias, comunidades e instituciones, y discursos que legitiman el autoritarismo y la exclusión. Escribir la historia de estos grupos subalternos —esclavos, sirvientes domésticos, presos— representa un esfuerzo no sólo por devolver a estos personajes un rostro y una visibilidad que con frecuencia se les niega, sino también por ayudar a cuestionar y superar los obstáculos que impiden la formación de una sociedad más democrática y tolerante.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BROWN, Julie K. Health and medicine on display: international expositions in the United States, 1876-1904. England: The MIT Press, 2009.

 

 
 

International expositions, with their massive assembling exhibits and audiences, were the media events of their time. In transmitting a new culture of visibility that merged information, entertainment, and commerce, they provided a unique opportunity for the public to become aware of various social and technological advances. With Health and Medicine on Display, Julie Brown offers the first book-length examination of how international expositions, through their exhibits and infrastructures, sought to demonstrate innovations in applied health and medical practice. Brown investigates not only how exhibits translated health and medical information into visual form but also how exposition sites in urban settings (an exposition was “a city within a city” sometimes in conflict with municipal authorities) provided emergency medical treatment, access to safe water, and protection against infectious diseases. Brown looks at four expositions held in Philadelphia, Chicago, Buffalo, and St. Louis between 1876 and 1904, spanning the Gilded Age and the early reform years of the Progressive Era. She describes the 1904 St. Louis exposition in particular detail, looking closely at the sites and services as well as selected exhibits (including a working model playground, live X-ray demonstrations, and a rescue film by the U.S. Navy). Many carefully researched illustrations, most never before published (with supplementary images available on the MIT Press website), vividly demonstrate the role that these exhibitions played in framing and shaping health issues for their audiences

 

 

 

 

CAPONI, Sandra. Loucos e degenerados: uma genealogia da psiquiatria ampliada. Rio de Janeiro: Fiocruz, 2012.

 

 

 

 

 

O livro aborda a construção epistemológica do conceito de ‘degeneração’ ao longo do século XIX e analisa a íntima relação do conceito e o surgimento da psiquiatria ampliada’, que expandiu os discursos e práticas médico-mentais para além dos muros do hospício, desde o fim daquele século. O que se conhece bem é que, a partir dessa teoria, a psiquiatria passou a participar das políticas profiláticas, em nome da defesa social contra os ‘degenerados’, o que, em sua forma extrema, despontou no nazismo e no fascismo, como Foucault argumenta em 1976, no curso Em Defesa da Sociedade. Menos discutida é a permanência do discurso da degeneração em Emil Kraepelin por meio das referências a constituições psíquicas ou predisposições. É por essa senda que a autora continua seu exame da obra kraepeliniana em suas relações com a questão da hereditariedade e da degeneração. Além dessa contribuição fundamental, Sandra Caponi desenvolve o que considero o ponto alto deste livro: uma análise acerca das continuidades e descontinuidades das noções de hereditariedade e da degeneração de Kraepelin na psiquiatria contemporânea. Nesse percurso, demonstra que a transformação epistemológica do conceito de degeneração acabou por permitir que a psiquiatria invadisse o exterior do hospício não apenas na pista dos ‘anormais’, mas também abarcasse os campos da normalidade’, permitindo-nos pensar as estratégias discursivas da psiquiatria contemporânea, cada vez mais voltada para o ‘homem normal’, como propõe Le Blanc em Les Maladies de I’Homme Normal. Desse modo, a autora apresenta um viés de análise bastante ousado, com certeza aberto a debate, mas necessário para quem se debruça hoje sobre o campo da psiquiatria.

 

 

 

 
 

SULIK, Galyle A. Pink Ribbon Blues: how breast cancer culture undermines women’s health. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

 

 

 

 

 

Pink ribbon paraphernalia saturate shopping malls, billboards, magazines, television, and other venues, all in the name of various breast cancer awareness foundations. In this compelling and provocative work, Gayle Sulik shows that though this “pink ribbon culture” has brought breast cancer advocacy much attention, it has not had the desired effect of improving women’s health. It may, in fact, have done the opposite. Based on eight years of research, analysis of advertisements and breast cancer awareness campaigns, and hundreds of interviews with those affected by the disease, Pink Ribbon Blues highlights the hidden costs of the pink ribbon as an industry, one in which breast cancer has become merely a brand name with a pink logo. Indeed, while survivors and supporters walk, run, and purchase ribbons for a cure, cancer rates rise, the cancer industry thrives, corporations claim “responsible citizenship” while profiting from the disease, and breast cancer is stigmatized a new for those who reject the pink ribbon model. But Sulik also outlines alternative organizations that make a real difference, highlights what they do differently, and presents a new agenda for the future.

 

 

 

 

 

   

LOWY, Ilana. Preventive strikes: women, precancer, and prophylactic surgery. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Modern scientific tools can identify a genetic predisposition to cancer before any disease is detectable. Some women will never develop breast or ovarian cancer, but they nevertheless must decide, as a result of genetic testing, whether to have their breasts and ovaries removed to avoid the possibility of disease. The striking contrast between the sophistication of diagnosis and the crudeness of preventive surgery forms the basis of historian Ilana Lowy’s important study. Lowy traces the history of prophylactic amputations through a century of preventive treatment and back to a long tradition of surgical management of gynecological problems. In the early twentieth century, surgeons came to believe that removing precancerous lesions—a term difficult to define even today—averted the danger of malignancy. This practice, Lowy finds, later Ied to surgical interventions for women with a hereditary predisposition to cancer but no detectable disease. Richly detailed stories of patients and surgeons in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom allow Lowy to compare the evolution of medical thought and practice—and personal choice—in these different cultures. Preventive Strikes aims to improve our understanding of professional, social, and cultural responses to cancer in the twenty first century and to inform our reflections about how values are incorporated into routine medical practices.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LERNER, Barron H. The breast cancer wars: hope, fear, and the pursuit of a cure in twentieth- century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

 

 

 

 

 

 

In this riveting narrative, Barron H. Lerner offers a superb medical and cultural history of our century-long battle with breast cancer. Revisiting the past, Lerner argues, can illuminate and clarify the dilemmas confronted by women with—and at risk for—the disease. Writing with insight and compassion, Lerner tells a compelling story of influential surgeons, anxious patients and committed activists. There are colorful portraits of the leading figures, ranging from the acerbic Dr William Halsted, who pioneered the disfiguring radical mastectomy at the turn of the century, to Rose Kushner, a brash journalist who relentlessly educated American women about breast cancer. The Breast Cancer Wars tells a story that is of vital importance to modem breast cancer patients, their families and the clinicians who strive to treat and prevent this dreaded disease. And for this new paperback edition, Lerner has included a postscript in which he discusses the most recent breast cancer controversy: do mammograms truly lower mortality rates or do they lead to unnecessary mastectomies?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LOWY, Ilana. The Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine: from tytus Chalubinski (1820-1889) to Ludwik Fleck (1896-1961). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

 

 

 

 

 

My ‘discovery’ of the Polish School of philosophy of medicine stemmed from my studies in the genesis of Ludwik Fleck’s epistemology. These studies, and my interest in the scientific roots of Fleck’s epistemology were a nearly ‘natural’ result of my own biography: like Fleck I had been trained, an had worked as an immunologist, and had later switched to studies in the social history of medicine and biology. Moreover, it so happened that Fleck’s book, Genesis and Development of a Scientific fact – the description of a science as it is, not as it should be – was the first epistemological study in which I found echos of my experience in the laboratory. My interest in Fleck was also highlightened by the fact that in his works, and, as I discovered later, in the works of his predecessors of the Polish School of philosophy of medicine, was formulated the problem that had stimulated my interest in the history of medicine and biology, and is still central to my present investigations: the relationships between biological knowledge and clinical practice

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

LOWY, Ilana. A woman’s disease: the history of cervical câncer. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

 

 

 

 

 

Throughout history cervical cancer has had many guises. Ilana Lowy explores the history of the disease from antiquity to the modern day, shedding light on its evolution as a separate gynaecological disorder and considering the changing attitudes towards sex and gender reflected by the approaches to its treatment. Focussing in particular on the 19th century, she tells the story of a painful, invariably deadly, and very frequent disease that caused intense suffering and social isolation. In the 20th century, innovations to control cervical cancer—better surgical techniques, radiotherapy, Pap smears, mass campaigns for awareness of early detection—have seen cervical cancer become a preventable, and relatively rare, pathology in the industrialized world, although it continues to be a significant health problem in developing countries. In the late 20th century, a breakthrough took place: with the discovery of the role of the Human Papilloma Virus, it became clear that cervical cancer was a sexually transmitted disease. lronically, this led to a new risk of social stigmatisation. Featuring the stories of Ada Lovelace, Eva Péron, and Jade Goody, Lowy reflects on the complex interactions of science, medicine, and society. Cervical cancer is a prime example of how medical progress, economic constraints, individuals’ responsibility, gender issues, and reproductive rights all impact on each other.